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In the context of national support from the 863 Program, Tsinghua University and Qiqihar Second Machine Tool (Group) Corporation have jointly developed China's first heavy-duty hybrid machine tool, the XNZH2430. This groundbreaking achievement is a result of independent research and development, with core technologies that mark a significant breakthrough in the field of high-end CNC equipment. The successful development of the XNZH2430 fills a critical gap in China's heavy-duty hybrid machine tool industry, offering both theoretical significance and practical value in enhancing the design and manufacturing capabilities of advanced structural CNC equipment.
The XNZH2430 was specifically designed to meet the needs of key foundational equipment in China's manufacturing sector. It focuses on complex surface parts such as large turbine blades and propeller blades, which require high technical content and intricate processing. From software development to hardware manufacturing, this machine not only supports the machining of curved surfaces but also serves industries like military, aerospace, shipbuilding, power generation, and mold manufacturing for the three-dimensional machining of large precision components.
Hybrid machine tools, also known as virtual-axis machines, are a new type of structure that emerged in the late 1990s and are considered a promising machining device for the 21st century. They overcome the inherent limitations of traditional serial machines, offering advantages such as high modularity, strong rigidity, lightweight moving parts, high acceleration, and easy adjustment of machining accuracy. Hybrid machines combine the benefits of both parallel and serial structures, providing the large working space of serial machines while retaining the precision and speed of parallel ones, making them increasingly applicable in manufacturing.
Tsinghua University’s Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Laboratory has made remarkable contributions to the development of parallel machine tools in China. The lab has obtained dozens of patents and accumulated extensive experience in the design of new-structure machine tools. In the early stages of international research on parallel machine tools in the 1990s, the lab independently developed China’s first STEWART-type parallel machine tool, VAMT1Y. It later collaborated with Qiqihar Second Machine Tool and other institutions to develop multiple parallel and hybrid machine tools, including the XNZD2415 and XNZD755, which have been applied in actual production.
The XNZH2430 features a large working space, with functions such as interchangeable heads, adjustable positions, and an automatic identification system for milling heads, ensuring excellent operability. The main body consists of a two-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism combined with a movable table. Two columns and a swing arm form the parallel mechanism, enabling movement in the Y/Z directions, while the table moves along the X direction. The maximum machining space is 8000mm × 3000mm × 2500mm. Additional degrees of freedom are provided by the milling head installed beneath the spindle housing, which includes three interchangeable types: A/C-axis angular milling head, vertical milling head, and right-angle milling head. When using the A/C-axis head, it adds two rotational axes, allowing a rotation range of ±95° for the A-axis and ±185° for the C-axis, enabling five-axisè”动 (five-axis simultaneous control) and full-space complex surface machining. With the other two heads, it can perform all functions of a conventional CNC gantry milling machine, demonstrating good versatility. The spindle housing also has low and high-speed gears, automatically switching based on processing needs, ensuring smooth transmission during high-speed movement.
The XNZH2430 is equipped with the self-developed VACS6 control system by Tsinghua University, built on a Linux platform with high real-time performance. It meets the demand for real-time control of six axes during high-speed cutting. The system can automatically load corresponding control modules and access the relevant interface based on the detected milling head information, significantly simplifying the operation process. To ensure high precision, the system allows easy modification of structural parameters used in the control algorithm after calibration, enabling error compensation. Industry experts believe that the successful development of the XNZH2430 marks a major breakthrough in China’s heavy-duty and high-precision machining equipment, and will further promote the rapid and sustainable development of China’s heavy-duty and high-precision machine tool industry.