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In the context of the national 863 Program, Tsinghua University, in collaboration with Qiqihar Second Machine Tool (Group) Corporation, has successfully developed China's first heavy-duty hybrid machine tool, the XNZH2430. This groundbreaking achievement is based on independent intellectual property rights and core technologies, marking a significant breakthrough in the development of high-end, precise numerical control equipment in China.
The successful development of the XNZH2430 fills a critical gap in the field of heavy-duty hybrid machine tools in China. It not only enhances the country’s capability in designing and manufacturing advanced structural CNC equipment but also holds great theoretical significance and practical value for future industrial development.
Designed to meet the demands of key basic equipment in China’s manufacturing sector, the XNZH2430 focuses on complex curved surface parts such as large turbine blades and propeller blades. From software development to hardware production, the machine is capable of processing these intricate components and can also be applied to industries like defense, aerospace, shipbuilding, power generation, and mold manufacturing, where high-precision three-dimensional surface machining is required.
Parallel machine tools, also known as virtual-axis machines, emerged in the late 1990s as a new type of machine structure. Often referred to as the next-generation machining equipment, they overcome the inherent limitations of traditional serial machine tools. They offer advantages such as high modularity, good rigidity, lightweight moving parts, high acceleration, easy adjustment of machining accuracy, and high precision. Hybrid machine tools combine the strengths of both parallel and serial structures, offering the benefits of parallel machines while retaining the large working space of serial machines, making them increasingly applicable in modern manufacturing.
The Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Laboratory at Tsinghua University's Department of Precision Instrument and Mechanical Engineering has made remarkable achievements in the development of parallel machine tools. The lab has obtained dozens of invention patents and research outcomes, accumulating rich experience in the design of new structural machine tools. In the early stages of international parallel machine tool research in the 1990s, the lab independently developed China’s first Stewart-type parallel machine tool, VAMT1Y. Subsequently, it collaborated with companies like Qiqihar Second Machine Tool to develop several parallel and hybrid machine tools, including XNZD2415 and XNZD755, which have been successfully applied in production.
The XNZH2430 hybrid machine tool features a large working space and includes functions such as interchangeable heads, adjustable positions, and an automatic identification system for the milling head. The main body of the machine consists of a two-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism combined with a movable worktable. Two vertical columns and an arm form the parallel mechanism, enabling the spindle housing to move in the Y/Z directions, while the worktable moves along the X direction. The maximum machining space is 8000mm × 3000mm × 2500mm. The remaining degrees of freedom are provided by the milling head installed beneath the spindle housing, which offers three types: an A/C-axis angle milling head, a vertical milling head, and a right-angle milling head. When using the A/C-axis angle milling head, the machine achieves five-axisè”动 (five-axis linkage), allowing for a wide range of angular machining with A-axis swing ±95° and C-axis rotation ±185°, enabling the processing of complex curved surfaces across the full spatial dimensions. When switching to the vertical or right-angle milling heads, the machine can perform all functions of a conventional CNC gantry milling machine, ensuring good versatility.
The XNZH2430 is equipped with a self-developed VACS6 control system by Tsinghua University. Based on the Linux platform, this system offers high real-time performance, meeting the requirements for real-time control of six axes during high-speed cutting. The VACS6 system can automatically load the corresponding control module and access the relevant interface based on the detected milling head information, significantly simplifying the operation process. To ensure high precision, the system allows for easy modification of structural parameters used in the control algorithm after calibration, enabling error compensation for improved accuracy.
Industry experts believe that the successful development of the XNZH2430 marks a major breakthrough in China's heavy-duty and high-precision machining equipment. It is expected to drive further and faster development in the field of heavy-duty, high-precision machine tools in China.