ExxonMobil's latest "2040 Energy Outlook" believes that by 2040, due to the growth of population and the improvement of living standards in developing countries, energy demand will increase by 35%. By then, oil and natural gas will continue to meet the global demand. Part (60%) of energy demand. The developing countries such as Brazil, China, India, and Indonesia account for almost all of the increase in energy demand, while the energy consumption in the more developed regions such as Europe and Japan during this period will decline slightly. In terms of road transport fuels, gasoline consumption will remain stable by 2040, and diesel consumption will increase by 75% to meet the growing demand from trucks and other commercial transport vehicles, of which the largest commercial transportation demand will come from heavy vehicles. , such as trucks and buses. Demand for fuel from heavy-duty vehicles is expected to increase by 70%, accounting for approximately 60% of the total increase in diesel demand. The increase in global business activity has not only boosted the demand for diesel, but has also boosted the demand for biodiesel and jet fuel. The two main factors leading to the stagnation of gasoline demand are the increase in vehicle fuel efficiency and the increase in the number of hybrid vehicles. By 2040, hybrid vehicles will account for 35% of global light vehicles. The increase in fuel efficiency may partially offset the increase in energy demand in the commercial transportation sector. More efficient cars, aircraft, ships and trains, as well as improvements in logistics systems (such as joint transport), will help slow down the growth of transport energy demand in many countries. In the next 30 years, crude oil demand will increase by 25% and natural gas demand will increase by 65%. The Middle East, North America and Russia are expected to supply most of the oil and gas. Due to the increase in the production of natural gas condensate, oil sands and tight oil in North America, the production of liquid products in North America will increase by 40% over the next 30 years. With rising production and declining demand, by 2030 North America will shift from a large import of crude oil to a state of balanced import and export. In the Middle East, production of liquid products in the Middle East will increase by 35% due to the increase in the development of conventional oils in Iraq and the increase in natural gas condensate and tight oil production in the region. As Brazil continues to develop biofuels and deep-water oil resources and Venezuela continues to develop heavy oil resources, the production of liquid products in Latin America will nearly double. It is expected that natural gas will replace coal in the next five years and become the most used fuel for power generation. By 2040, the ratio of unconventional natural gas to total natural gas production will increase from the current 40% to 65%. The rapid development of shale gas in North America has brought down the price of natural gas, and the environmental advantages of natural gas as a clean energy source have been the main reason for natural gas to replace coal. In addition, safety issues related to the use of nuclear energy, the cost and stability of renewable energy sources, have also contributed to the predominance of natural gas in the use of clean energy. In the next 30 years, North America and Russia will be the main producing areas of natural gas, and European oil and gas production will continue to decline. Although energy consumption continues to grow, carbon emissions are expected to peak around 2030 as governments around the world continue to raise greenhouse gas emission standards. ExxonMobil Co., Ltd. has responded to the ever-increasing trend of global environmental regulations by increasing the cost of carbon emissions by US$60/tonne in future new construction projects. Emissions reduction policies will promote the growth of renewable energy, such as biofuels, wind energy and solar energy, and are expected to increase by 60% by 2040 and account for 4% of total energy demand. The product obtained by coating organic coating on hot-dip galvanized steel coil is hot-dip galvanized color steel coil. In addition to the protective effect of zinc, the organic coating on the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet also plays the role of insulation protection and rust prevention, and its service life is longer than that of hot-dip galvanized sheet. The zinc content of hot-dip galvanized base plate is generally 180g / m2 (both sides), and the maximum zinc content of hot-dip galvanized base plate for building exterior is 275g / m2. Zinc coating weight code: Z100, z200, z275; zinc coating weight refers to the total amount of zinc on both sides of the steel plate, expressed in grams of zinc per square meter of steel plate (g / m2), for example, Z100 means that its zinc content is not less than 100g / m2. Galvanized Coil,Regular Spangle,Galvalume Steel Coil,Galvanized Steel Coil,Galvanized Steel Sheet Jinan Hengming Steel Co., Ltd , https://www.jnhengmingsteel.com
According to the surface structure of galvanized coil, it can be divided into the following surfaces:
(1) Regular Spangle
In the normal solidification process of zinc layer, the zinc grains grow freely and form a coating with obvious zinc flower morphology.
(2) Minimized Spangle
During the solidification process of zinc coating, the zinc grains are artificially limited to form the smallest possible zinc flower coating.
(3) Spangle free zinc free coating
The coating obtained by adjusting the chemical composition of the bath has no visible zinc flower morphology and uniform surface.
(4) Zinc iron alloy coating
After heat treatment of the steel strip passing through the galvanizing bath, the whole coating forms an alloy layer of zinc and iron. The coating is dark gray in appearance and has no metallic luster. It is easy to be powdered in the violent forming process. It is suitable for coating that can be painted directly without further treatment except for general cleaning.
(5) Differential coating
For both sides of Galvanized Steel Sheet, the coating with different weight of zinc layer is required.
(6) Smooth skin pass
Finishing is a kind of small deformation cold rolling of galvanized steel sheet for one or more of the following purposes.