Applying Phosphate Fertilizer to Wheat

Wheat is a crop that requires a significant amount of phosphorus for healthy growth and high yield. Proper use of phosphate fertilizer is essential to improve its efficiency, reduce input costs, and ensure quality and productivity in wheat farming.

1. Mixing with Organic Fertilizer Before Application

Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid, and various weak organic acids that help convert insoluble phosphorus into a soluble form. When mixed with phosphate fertilizer, the contact area between the fertilizer and soil is significantly reduced, which minimizes phosphorus fixation. This method not only enhances the utilization of phosphate fertilizer but also helps prevent nutrient loss over time.

How to do it: Combine 1 part of phosphate fertilizer with 10–20 parts of well-rotted organic fertilizer, mix thoroughly, and cover with soil or mud to allow fermentation.

2. Combining with Nitrogen, Potassium, and Zinc Fertilizers

To meet the nutritional needs of wheat, it's important to apply nitrogen, potassium, and zinc fertilizers alongside phosphate fertilizer. This combination helps replenish missing nutrients in the soil and increases phosphate fertilizer efficiency by 20–30%. A typical recommendation for high-yield fields includes 4,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of nitrogen, 12 kg of potash, and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate in zinc-deficient areas. For lower-yield conditions, adjust the quantities accordingly.

3. Concentrated Application

Applying phosphate fertilizer in concentrated bands reduces its contact with the soil, thus minimizing phosphorus fixation and improving absorption. Studies show this method can boost utilization by up to 28% and increase wheat yields by around 12%.

4. Choosing the Right Type of Phosphate Fertilizer Based on Soil pH

In neutral or alkaline soils, water-soluble superphosphate is recommended because it is slightly acidic and can help neutralize soil alkali. In acidic soils, calcium magnesium phosphate (a weakly alkaline fertilizer) should be used. This not only improves soil fertility but also prevents root damage caused by excessive acidity.

5. Using the Correct Amount

The amount of phosphate fertilizer applied affects yield. Too little may not significantly boost production, while too much may reduce efficiency. A general recommendation is to apply 50–60 kg per mu (approx. 667 m²) for optimal results.

6. Foliar Spraying

For an extra boost, you can spray a solution made from 2–3 kg of superphosphate dissolved in clear water. After filtering out the residue, mix with 50–60 kg of fresh water and spray during the jointing, booting, and grain-filling stages of wheat. This can increase yield by 4–6%. Another option is to spray a 0.2% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 60–80 kg per acre, applying it three times for best results. This method strengthens stems and can raise yields by 4.6–8.1%.

Source: Nongbo.com

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