Key Characteristics of Stainless Steel

1. Weldability

Stainless steel is widely used in sculpture and various industrial applications, but its weldability can vary depending on the specific use. For example, some tableware items do not require high welding performance, while others, like thermos cups, water heaters, and stainless steel pipes, demand excellent weldability from the raw material. The welding quality directly affects the structural integrity and appearance of the final product.

2. Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion resistance is one of the most important properties of stainless steel, especially for products like kitchenware, tableware, and water dispensers. Many international buyers conduct corrosion tests to evaluate this property. A common method involves using a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, heating it to boiling, and then pouring it over the product. After a set period, the solution is removed, the product is washed and dried, and the weight loss is measured to determine the extent of corrosion. It's important to note that during testing, if the surface is polished with abrasive materials containing iron, rust spots may appear due to contamination.

3. Polishing Performance

The polishing performance of stainless steel depends on several factors:

  • Surface defects in the raw material, such as scratches, pitting, or pickling, can significantly affect the final finish.
  • The hardness of the material plays a crucial role. If the hardness is too low, polishing becomes difficult, and the BQ (bright quality) property may be compromised. On the other hand, excessively high hardness can cause issues like orange peel effects during deep drawing.
  • In deep-drawn parts, areas with significant deformation may develop small black spots or ridges, which can negatively impact the BQ performance.

4. Heat Resistance

Heat resistance refers to the ability of stainless steel to maintain its mechanical and physical properties at high temperatures. This is particularly important in applications involving heat exposure, such as cooking appliances or industrial equipment.

Carbon plays a key role in enhancing the heat resistance of austenitic stainless steels. As an element that strongly stabilizes and expands the austenite phase, carbon is much more effective than nickel in promoting austenite formation. Additionally, carbon contributes to solid solution strengthening, increasing the strength of the material. It also improves stress corrosion resistance, especially in highly concentrated chloride environments like 42% MgCl2 solutions under boiling conditions.

Understanding these characteristics helps manufacturers and users choose the right type of stainless steel for their specific needs, ensuring both durability and performance in real-world applications.

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