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Steel pipes with a hollow section, where the length far exceeds the diameter or circumference, come in various forms. Depending on their cross-sectional shape, they can be categorized as circular, square, rectangular, or special-shaped steel pipes. In terms of material composition, they range from carbon structural steel pipes and low-alloy structural steel pipes to alloy steel pipes and composite steel pipes. These pipes are widely used in industries such as thermal equipment, petrochemicals, machinery manufacturing, geological drilling, and high-pressure systems. Based on the production process, they are either seamless or welded steel pipes. Seamless steel pipes are further divided into hot-rolled and cold-rolled (drawn) types, while welded steel pipes include straight-seam and spiral-seam welded pipes.
Steel pipes serve multiple purposes beyond just transporting fluids and powders. They play a critical role in thermal energy exchange, creating machine components and containers, and are also considered an economical steel option. Utilizing steel pipes in building structures, such as frameworks and support columns, reduces weight and saves between 20-40% of metal, allowing for more efficient, factory-based construction. When used in highway bridge construction, steel pipes not only conserve steel and simplify construction but also significantly decrease the area requiring protective coatings, cutting down on both initial investments and maintenance costs.
Steel pipes can be classified into two main categories based on production method: seamless steel pipes and welded steel pipes. Welded steel pipes are often referred to simply as welded pipes.
1. Seamless steel pipes, produced from high-quality carbon steel or alloy steel, are available in hot-rolled and cold-rolled versions. They are manufactured through processes like hot rolling, cold drawing, precision machining, hot expansion, cold spinning, and extrusion.
Bundles of steel pipes are typically made using these methods. Seamless steel pipes, crafted from premium materials, are ideal for applications involving liquid and pneumatic systems across various industries.
2. Welded steel pipes, due to their welding techniques, are categorized into furnace-welded pipes, electric welded (resistance welded) pipes, and automatic arc-welded pipes. They can also be classified by their welding form as straight-seam or spiral-seam welded pipes. Additionally, they can be round or special-shaped (square, flat, etc.).
Made from rolled steel plates joined by butt or spiral seams, welded steel pipes are used for water pipes, gas pipes, heating pipes, electrical conduits, and more.
Steel pipes can also be grouped by material into carbon pipes, alloy pipes, and stainless steel pipes. Carbon pipes are further subdivided into regular carbon steel pipes and high-quality carbon structural pipes. Alloy pipes include low-alloy pipes, alloy structural pipes, high alloy pipes, high strength pipes, bearing pipes, heat and acid-resistant stainless pipes, precision alloy (like Kovar) pipes, and superalloy pipes.
Based on connection methods, steel pipes are either bare pipes (non-threaded ends) or threaded pipes. Threaded pipes are further categorized into standard threaded pipes and thickened threaded pipes. Thickened threaded pipes can have external, internal, or both internal and external threads. Threaded pipes are also classified by thread type, including standard cylindrical or conical threads and special threads.
When it comes to surface coatings, steel pipes are classified as black (uncoated) or coated. Coated pipes include galvanized, aluminized, chrome-plated, and other alloy-coated pipes. Coatings can be applied on the outside, inside, or both sides, with common options being plastics, epoxy resins, coal tar epoxy resins, and various glass-based corrosion-resistant coatings. Galvanized pipes are further segmented into KBG pipes, JDG pipes, and threaded pipes.
In terms of usage, steel pipes are categorized as follows:
1. Pipes for conveying fluids, such as water, gas, steam, and oil pipelines, including oil and natural gas trunk lines, agricultural irrigation pipes, and sprinkler irrigation pipes.
2. Pipes for thermal equipment, including boiler water pipes, superheated steam pipes, arch brick pipes, and high-temperature, high-pressure boiler pipes for locomotives.
3. Pipes for machinery, such as aviation structural pipes (round, elliptical, and flat elliptical), automotive semi-axle pipes, axle pipes, tractor structural pipes, oil cooler pipes, agricultural machinery square and rectangular pipes, transformer pipes, and bearing pipes.
4. Pipes for petroleum geological drilling, including oil drill pipes, kelly pipes, drill pipes, tubing, casing, and various joint pipes.
5. Pipes for the chemical industry, such as oil cracking pipes, heat exchanger pipes for chemical equipment, acid-resistant stainless pipes, high-pressure fertilizer pipes, and pipes for transporting chemical media.
6. Pipes for other sectors, such as container pipes (high-pressure gas cylinder and general container pipes), instrument pipes, watch case pipes, injection needles for medical devices, and more.
Steel pipes can also be classified by their cross-sectional shape into round and special-shaped steel pipes. Special-shaped steel pipes refer to those with non-circular cross-sections. The diversity in steel pipe grades and varieties reflects their wide range of applications and performance requirements, necessitating classification based on cross-sectional shape, production method, material, connection method, coating Characteristics, and intended use.