Although the cause of drug injury is more complex, it is nothing more than the following three aspects: First, the wrong use of pesticides or impurities of pesticides; Second, the use of deterioration and contain harmful impurities in pesticides; Third, not yet mastered the application of pesticide technology, when spraying Unsuitable crop growth stages, inappropriate application weather, methods, etc. were selected. The main symptoms of phytotoxicity: What is the difference between phytotoxicity and disease? The second is to properly dispose of the remaining liquid in the sprayer, that is, when the spray is completed, the remaining liquid must not be thrown in order to avoid phytotoxicity. Remedies to be taken after injury: Regular inspections of crop growth and development during the first week after application, especially the use of herbicides and plant growth regulators, require more field inspections. There are the following first aid measures to reduce the harm of drugs: (2) irrigation and drainage remediation. For some pesticides caused by herbicides, proper irrigation and drainage can also reduce the extent of injury. -196Deg.C Cryogenic Ball Valve, -101Deg.C cryogenic ball valve, bonnet extened cryogenic ball valve, F304 cryogenic ball valve, F316 cryogenic ball valve, top entry cryogenic ball valve, cryogenic ball valve for LNG, PCTFE seat cryogenic ball valve, unidirectional cryogenic ball valve, bidirectional cryogenic ball valve, lip-seal cryogenic ball valve, cryogenic treatment of valve components, cryogenic ball valve according to BS6364 ISO28921, cryogenic testing of cryogenic ball valve, cryogenic Floating Ball Valve, cryogenic Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve, F316L cryogenic ball valve, China cryogenic ball valve manufacturer Cryogenic Ball Valve Habonim Cryogenic Valves,Cryogenic Ball Valve Design,Extended Bonnet Ball Valve,Liquid Nitrogen Ball Valve SUZHOU RSF VALVE CO.,LTD , https://www.rsf-valve.com
(1) Spot type. This kind of phytotoxicity is mainly manifested on the leaves of crops, and sometimes on stems or fruit skins. The common drug spots are brown spots, macular spots, and net spots. For example, irregular browning of rice leaves can occur in the early stage of paddy fields when rice plants are improperly sprayed with butachlor. Shoots of watermelon leaves with Jinggangmycin can cause small yellow spots; Bordeaux mixture can produce brown net spots of cork tissue on the surface of apples.
(2) Yellow type. This kind of phytotoxicity was found in the stems and leaves of plants, and more yellowing occurred in leaves, which was mainly caused by pesticides hindering the normal photosynthesis of chlorophyll. According to the severity of the injury, the leaves were yellow and the whole plant was yellow. The yellow leaves of the leaves are yellow and the base leaves are yellow. Such as fenthrin in the watermelon on the new shoot yellow performance; wheat by the green mellon mild phytotoxicity, the performance of the base leaf yellow; wheat by Simazine injury can start from the edge of the edge of the yellow , and then extended to the whole leaf, causing the leaves or the whole plant yellow withered; diuron can make the leaves of cotton seedlings appear yellowish green symptoms.
(3) malformation type. This kind of phytotoxicity can show symptoms in the stem, leaf and roots of crops. Common deformities include leaf rolling, clumping, root swelling, malformed ear, and deformed fruit. For example, if wheat seedlings are harmed by dimethyltetrachlorobenzene, the bases of the buds and the roots of the young roots are swollen; if the cotton seedlings are harmed by the herbicidal ether, the growing points will be atrophied, and the cotton leaves will be blister-shaped; the tomato is affected by 24- When D is harmed, it shows typical hollow fruit and malformed fruit.
(4) Withered type. This kind of phytotoxicity often presents symptoms to the whole plant, and most of them are caused by improper use of herbicides. For example, glyphosate injury at the seedling stage of rice can cause the plants to die of yellow withering. After the watermelon seedling is harmed by chlorotoluron, it shows yellowing of leaves, coking leaves, and atrophy of the plants, resulting in dead seedlings.
(5) growth stagnation type. This type of phytotoxicity inhibits the normal growth of the crop and slows plant growth. For example, improper use of green mellon in rapeseed shows slow growth, reduced branching, and has a certain impact on yield. Paclobutrazol is used in late paddy field. If transplanting is not used, the seedlings will be grown slowly and affect the normal. Heading.
(6) Infertile. This type of phytotoxicity is caused by improper use of the crop during the reproductive growth period. For example, rice shoot green can cause male infertility before and after meiosis in rice pollen mother cells, resulting in empty batches of panicles and reduced yield.
(7) Shedding type. Most of these types of phytotoxicity occur on fruit trees and some dicotyledonous plants, with fallen leaves and fallen flowers. Drops and other symptoms. If peach trees are harmed by copper preparations, they will cause defoliation; when pear trees use methamidophos during flowering, they will cause falls; improper use of ethephon in hawthorn will cause fruit drop and defoliation; Bordeaux mixture can cause apple fruit to fall and drop; lime sulfur mixture to apples It can also cause fruit drop.
(8) Inferior fruit type. This kind of phytotoxicity is mainly manifested in the fruits of plants, making the size of the fruits smaller, the abnormality of the fruit surface, the deterioration of the quality, and affecting the value of food. For example, watermelons suffer from ethylene toxicity, and the melons are dark red with odor; tomatoes suffer from copper preparations and can cause cell death on the surface of the fruit, resulting in the formation of brown fruit; grapes are damaged by increasing yield, causing loose ears and shrinking fruit.
The difference between spot-type phytotoxicity and physiologic disease is that the distribution of the former on the plant is often not regular, and the whole field is also light and heavy; the latter is generally common, and the site where the symptoms appear is more consistent. Spot-type phytotoxicity and fungal-type diseases also differ from each other. The spot size and shape of the former vary greatly; while the latter has an onset center, and the spot shape is relatively uniform.
The yellowing caused by phytotoxicity is compared with the yellowing that appears due to lack of nutrients. The former tends to develop from yellow leaves to dead leaves, with plenty of sunny weather, rapid yellowing, and lack of nutrients. Yellowing occurs slowly, and yellowing is often associated with soil fertility and fertilization levels, and there is consistency in the performance of yellow seedlings throughout the field. Compared with the virus-induced yellowing, the yellow leaves of the latter often have a greenish appearance, and the diseased plants exhibit a systemic pathology. The diseased plants and the healthy plants are mixed.
The difference between the deformity caused by drug injury and the abnormality of the virus disease lies in the fact that the occurrence of the former is universal, and local symptoms are expressed on the plants; the latter is often a sporadic disease, manifesting systemic symptoms, and often mixed in leaves with broken green, bright veins, wrinkled leaves, etc. symptom.
Compared with the wilt symptom caused by the injurious disease and the withering injury, the former has no disease center, and most of them have a slow process. The first is yellowing and the last one is dead. The rhizome-transmitting tissue has no browning; the latter is mostly roots and stem conduction. Blocking of the organization, when the sun is full and the amount of evaporation is large, it is wilting first, and after the chlorosis, the plant is often browned.
The delay caused by drug injury is compared with the stiffness and deficiency of the physiological disease. The former is often accompanied by drug spots or other symptoms of phytotoxicity, while the latter is characterized by poor growth of roots due to poisoning and stiffness. Leaves yellow or dark green.
The main difference between drug damage and disease is that the former only has symptoms and no symptoms. In addition to inferior fruits, it also shows other symptoms of drug injury; the latter has symptoms, most have symptoms, and some have no illness. Often show systemic symptoms, or do not show other symptoms.
(1) Adhere to the application after the first trial. Before spreading a large area of ​​pesticides, it is necessary to conduct tests in a small area to screen the scope of application of the drug, the object of control, the appropriate period of control, the amount of drug used, and the method of application.
(2) Strictly control the use of pesticides. The first is to choose the right medicine to do the right medicine; the second is to register the dosage or density of pesticides, but also must grasp the appropriate application period, use the appropriate method of application, and should pay attention to the quality of the application.
(3) Do a good job of avoiding harmful drugs. The first is to thoroughly clean the sprayer, especially the sprayer that has applied the herbicide. If other sprays are used, it must be thoroughly cleaned; if the spray device is applied to the 2,4-D butyl herbicide, if it is not thoroughly cleaned, it will be cleaned. Dicotyledonous crops produce phytotoxicity. The correct cleaning method is: for plastic barrel sprayer, use 5% lye soak for several hours, rinse with water repeatedly; for iron barrel sprayer, use 1% ferrous sulfate solution
10 kg, soak 2 hours, then wash with water more than 2 times. In addition, nozzles, sprayers, switches, etc. of spray equipment should also be carefully cleaned.
(l) Fertilization remediation. For the phytotoxicity resulting in symptoms such as foliar patch, keratosis and yellowing of the leaves, adding fertilizing material can reduce the degree of injury. If wheat seedlings appear to be harmed by chloroauron, human fecal urine may be topdressed, and urea plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be topdressed.
(3) Hormone remedies. For herbicides and plant growth regulators that produce or interfere with the gibberellin synthesis in plants, such as 2,4-D-butyl ester, alachlor, herbicidal dan, dazzling, ethephon, and orromycin, etc. Spraying gibberellin after injury can relieve the degree of injury. For example, watermelon cultivars misuse dimethyl tetrachlorine to produce phytotoxicity and spray with gibberellin 20-30PPm, which can reduce the degree of phytotoxicity.