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"The earliest countries that will implement autonomous driving will be China!" Similar views have appeared recently, and even high-level foreign-funded parts companies think so. Not long ago, Yang Xiaoming, president of Delphi China, made it clear during the 2016 China Automotive Forum that the earliest implementation of autonomous driving may be China.
So, can China really achieve automatic driving at the earliest? This reporter interviewed the Vice Chairman of the China Automobile Engineering Association Fu Yuwu, Deputy Director of the Automotive Research Center of the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport Zhou Wei, and Chief Engineer of the Chang'an Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Li Yusheng, to discuss the topic. .
I. Is Autopilot Most Likely to Be Realized in China?
Fu Yuwu: At the current level of technology, it is best to define automatic driving as smart driving first. It takes quite a long time to fully realize automatic driving.
To build an intelligent city and an intelligent car is a development trend, and the automobile industry must fully adapt to this new trend. To adapt to the new trend, we must give full play to China's unique market advantages and rely on market advantages to accomplish much, but do not think easily ahead. Automobiles need integrated technologies. They do not master single technologies, or they can achieve international advancement through simple intelligence, but cooperate in many ways. China has precisely the comparative advantage that other countries do not have. These advantages include: Internet technology advantages. For example, China has a number of leading Internet companies in the world, and mobile communication equipment is almost a handy. With the advantage of vehicle ownership, China’s automobile fleet will soon We have reached 200 million vehicles; highly consistent and intelligent recognition, we are now in an era of disruptive innovation. If we still have doubts about the emergence of new technologies before, then the industry has created new trends in car intelligence. A great deal of consensus has been reached; China’s development environment is very good. “China Manufacturing 2025†mentions that energy-saving cars, electric vehicles, and intelligent network-linked vehicles are used together. The government’s and industry’s high level of recognition and strong guidance are easy to form. The comparative advantages of industries with Chinese characteristics. The automotive industry should cherish these comparative advantages.
Zhou Wei: I agree with this view. China's implementation environment is better than that of foreign countries. This is based on China's system. In foreign countries, if a resolution is to be passed, it needs to be implemented after the parliament has completed a complicated procedure, and the Chinese system is more suitable for quickly advancing the implementation of unmanned driving. China may be the leader in applying autonomous driving technology, at least moving faster than other countries.
However, drones have several stages of development: driver assistance, conditional autopilot, and finally drone. Driver assistance technology has been in full swing in the country, such as some cars already have a number of driving assistance functions. However, it is still more difficult to truly realize unmanned driving. Some test demonstration areas have been established, but the current work still cannot fully evaluate, evaluate and evaluate the relevant technologies, and it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive evaluation in a comprehensive context. In addition, there is still a lot of work to be done in terms of policies, laws and even the driving quality of the Chinese. Promoting driving assistance technology is still the theme of the next 5 to 10 years. Realizing unmanned driving should be 30 years later, because 30 years is the cycle of a generation, and people's acceptance of new technologies and habits need a long-term process.
Li Yusheng: China's road traffic situation is very complicated. Plus our driving habits and overall quality need to be improved, so we cannot agree with this view. However, China’s rapid acceptance of new technologies, coupled with strong government support, has the institutional advantage of concentrating on major issues. Therefore, the speed of achieving automatic driving should be faster, but whether it is the earliest country to achieve, it is still uncertain. We cannot think that China is the world's number one, but it should be the fastest growing country. Perhaps we will synchronize with the western countries.
Second, the status quo compared with European and American countries, domestic companies currently have what advantages and disadvantages?
Fu Yuwu: The current smart network is in the process of accumulating and upgrading one technology. For example, active safety technology and driving assistance technology are constantly improving. We should follow the steps from the intelligent, semi-intelligence, to advanced intelligence of the implementation part, and finally create a driverless vehicle. In the era of technological change, when we can form a comparative advantage, we must respect the development law of intelligent networked technology, and we must have a calm academic attitude, down-to-earth, step by step, so that we will have a leap. Development opportunities.
"Made in China 2025" should pay more attention to and emphasize the importance of basic processes, basic components and basic technologies than any other program. There is still a big gap between China's technology in laser radar and sensors and international standards, and some are even in a blank stage. Fundamental problems still need to be solved by technology. It is especially important for scientists and technicians to calm down and achieve breakthroughs in the basic field and to overcome difficulties in a down-to-earth manner.
Zhou Wei: The advantage of our country is actually a policy advantage. It is a nationwide force to promote this cause. The disadvantage is that there is a mentality of impetuousness and quick success, and does not do very basic research, directly using foreign off-the-shelf technology for use or counterfeiting. We have not done a lot of basic work yet, so we still need to do in-depth and solid basic work in all areas and institutions throughout the country in order to truly enhance our strength.
Li Yusheng: Due to the late start-up and less investment abroad, we still have a small gap compared to world-class companies. It is undeniable that the economic volume of domestic automobile enterprises is relatively small, and we invest 10%, which is only equivalent to 1% of foreign car companies' investment. At present, the country strongly supports the research and development of autonomous driving technology and believes that autopilot is one direction. At the same time, Changan and other auto makers are also actively investing and participating, and they hope to bring some simple autopilot functions to the market as soon as possible. We are also actively working with suppliers to jointly develop and jointly undertake the development of radar technology, vehicle sensing technology, etc., and the two sides can cooperate with each other to develop rapidly.
Third, legislation China's automatic driving legislation is lagging behind? How to solve?
Fu Yuwu: It is still relatively far away from the era of autonomous driving. In addition, the scene of China’s autonomous driving is more complex than any other country. It is not yet realistic to consider legislation. With sound laws and standards, technology is not necessarily achievable, so the current legislative work is not very important. Should first focus on technical work, establish all aspects of technical standards, step by step forward.
Zhou Wei: Our understanding of standardization issues may be lacking, so there is lag in the work of technical standards. However, in terms of laws and policies and regulations, it is in fact the same starting line with foreign countries. Relatively speaking, the domestic system is more conducive to the implementation of autonomous driving and the policy environment is better than abroad. Now, public security, transportation, and other related administrative departments are studying some policies and regulations on the use and management level.
Li Yusheng: China's policy environment is more impeding technological development compared with foreign countries. Domestically, it is only possible to do things within the scope of the law, and foreign countries can do things that are not banned by laws and regulations and emphasize self-discipline in the industry. Foreign traffic management departments allow auto companies to test on the road. The premise is that the industry and companies need to guarantee vehicle quality and driving safety and meet road traffic safety laws. In the event of an accident, car companies will face heavy penalties. Such a liberal and strict legal and regulatory environment will make depots more careful when placing products.
While domestic car companies ensure that their technology reaches a safe level and the industry raises their awareness of self-discipline, they need to formulate a general framework for the formulation of laws. Autopilot is a new technology and many details need to be perfected in practice. If you do not do it yourself, very detailed laws and regulations may not be developed yet.
Fourth, how to solve the problem of safety hidden dangers of automatic driving?
Fu Yuwu: Automatic driving's perception of the environment is very much dependent on the network, so the importance of network security is first. If the network is attacked, vehicles may be misjudged and all work may be at a loss. Therefore, safety issues should be given prominence.
Zhou Wei: This is our most concern. When a policy is introduced, if some unusual events are encountered, it will be compromised in terms of social recognition and in the minds of ordinary people, and even the policy level will turn around. If there are several typical accidents with driverless vehicles, the government will reconsider the feasibility of this technology, and even dare not continue to promote it. It is recommended that you do not go too fast now. You must understand the advantages and disadvantages of driverlessness and let the market choose.
Security issues involve evaluation work. The role of evaluation is to set thresholds and distinguish the difference so that outstanding products stand out from the crowd, so that security issues can be well resolved during the promotion of new technologies. If we cannot 100% guarantee the safety of driverlessness, I would not recommend promoting it to social applications. Otherwise, social recognition will decline and affect the promotion of the overall work.
Judging from the legal risk point of view, the transportation industry does not recommend the promotion of driverless driving. It is recommended to implement a driving assistance system based on active safety prevention and control, because the driver is the first person responsible for the safe driving of the vehicle, or to take the initiative of the driver. .
Li Yusheng: Everything will not be perfect. The security system should first ensure that there is no negative effect. As a simple example, the emergency braking function is now to avoid collisions. However, in special circumstances, emergency braking will also help and cause more serious traffic accidents. The safety system in the automatic driving technology should consider how to prevent this kind of help from happening. The failures that can be thought of should be dealt with in advance and the situation of falling stones in the sky should also be considered.
V. How about the development of standards related to automatic driving?
Any suggestions?
Fu Yuwu: The Chinese Society of Automotive Engineers is hurrying to set standards for autopilot and has just finished a technical standard conference with the China Automotive Technology and Research Center in Jiading, Shanghai. The Automotive Intelligent Alliances Alliance is carrying out standard research and discussion work. At the same time, the China Automotive Technology and Research Center has set up a sub-committee on the standardization of smart networking, and it is expected that some standards will be introduced this year. The industry has a relatively early understanding of the standard setting work and moves more quickly.
Li Yusheng: Under the state of automatic driving, what we are most concerned about is how to determine the problem of accident liability. The black box of the driving record inside the vehicle should be used as a reference standard. By comparing the vehicle before and after the accident, it can be judged who is leading the driving process.
6. How do commercialized self-driving cars integrate with smart traffic?
Fu Yuwu: Smart cars are part of smart city transportation. Due to the emergence of intelligent networking technology, great changes have taken place in the entire automotive ecosystem. It has made the scenes that we thought were impossible to become a reality. Therefore, it is necessary to find a fitting point between the two to carry out active and steady discussion. The work in this area needs to be compatible with the planning of the entire city and the concept of a smart city. After all, a car cannot be connected to a city without any connection. The link between cars, roads and people is very important. Therefore, I think that the realization of smart transportation really needs to subvert the traditional concept. The government must highly coordinate and utilize the advantages of various departments such as transportation and communications in order to integrate autonomous vehicles with smart transportation.
Li Yusheng: The realization of smart transportation requires coordination with the road traffic facilities management department. However, the current research on smart transportation cities is still limited to a few papers. I think that it is possible to provide several lanes for self-driving cars and use them on buses. Perhaps it is one of the ways to promote autonomous driving and smart transportation as soon as possible.