The choice of small pumps to use and pay attention to the problem
In recent years, the social ownership of agricultural pumps in our country has seen a significant increase, especially small-scale pumps such as submersible and self-priming pumps. These are popular among users due to their low cost and ease of use. However, with so many small manufacturers in the market, there is a wide variation in technical capabilities, leading to inconsistent product quality. Combined with improper operation and usage, many users end up facing new problems or even suffering economic losses. According to statistics, nearly half of China’s annual agricultural pump production is used to replace old or damaged units. Therefore, choosing a durable and reliable pump, as well as extending its lifespan, has become a major concern for most users.
**First, choose a standardized pump**
(A) What is a standard pump?
Standardized pumps are those developed and implemented according to international standards like ISO. They are characterized by compact size, lightweight design, excellent performance, ease of use, long service life, and energy efficiency. These represent the latest trends in the pump industry.
(B) How to choose a pump
When selecting a pump, it's best to go to authorized dealers approved by the agricultural machinery department. Be sure to verify the manufacturer’s credentials. It’s recommended to prioritize purchasing water-filled submersible pumps and check for quality certifications. Avoid buying "three-no" products (no manufacturer, no production date, no license), as they can lead to serious issues without any recourse.
(C) Choosing the right brand
As a user, it may be difficult to make an informed decision without professional knowledge. Consulting pump experts is ideal. If that’s not possible, talking to experienced users who have similar conditions can help. Buying from trusted sources ensures reliability. Also, consider your local power supply when deciding between single-phase or three-phase pumps.
**Second, ensure the pump meets the lift requirements**
(A) Choosing the correct head
The term "head" refers to the pressure needed to move water, not just the vertical height. A pump should have a head about 1.15 to 1.20 times the required lift. For example, if the water needs to be lifted 20 meters, the pump should have a head of around 23–24 meters. Selecting a pump with a head close to the required level ensures maximum efficiency and economical operation. While not every pump needs to be perfectly efficient, a deviation of more than 20% may reduce performance.
(B) Understanding the nameplate head
Choosing a pump with a nameplate head much lower than required can result in poor performance, such as very little water being pumped. On the other hand, using a high-head pump for low-lift applications can cause excessive flow, leading to motor overload and potential damage. Always match the pump’s specifications to your actual needs.
**Third, select the appropriate flow rate**
Pump flow refers to the volume of water it can move. It’s generally advisable not to choose a pump with too high a flow rate, as this increases costs unnecessarily. The flow should be based on specific needs: for example, a smaller flow is suitable for a self-priming pump, while irrigation systems may require a larger flow.
**Fourth, pay attention to proper usage**
Correct operation is key to extending the life of the pump and avoiding costly repairs.
(A) For submersible pumps
Before starting, check the pump shaft rotation, impeller position, and cable condition. Ensure the voltage stays within ±5% of the rated value. Place the pump in clean, non-silty water and suspend it vertically to prevent clogging. Avoid placing it in muddy areas, as this can block the intake and reduce performance.
(B) For self-priming pumps
Place the pump in a well-ventilated area to allow proper cooling. If the motor overheats, it can burn out. Always remove the protective plastic cover before operation. Check that the pump body contains water before starting, as this affects priming and can damage the seal. Allow the pump to run for 3–5 minutes after filling with water.
(C) Pump maintenance
If the pump fails, avoid disassembling it yourself unless you’re trained. Improper dismantling can cause further damage. It’s best to have a professional repair it. Regular maintenance, such as replacing worn parts and checking for wear, should be done every six months.
(D) Proper storage during non-use
When not in use, remove the pump from the water, drain it, and store it in a dry place. In cold weather, this is especially important. Apply grease to critical parts and lubricate bearings to prevent corrosion. Long-term storage without use can lead to rust and reduced lifespan. So, it's better to use the pump regularly rather than leave it unused for extended periods.
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